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The Six Pack: Basic Flight Instruments

Pilot Institute

The Heading Indicator should not be confused with the Horizontal Situation Indicator (HSI), which is an evolution of the Heading Indicator that includes VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) and Instrument Landing System (ILS) indications. This ball is located in a tube filled with fluid and can move freely to the right and left.

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Getting Back in the Air

Plane and Pilot

The 172 has a steerable nosewheel, much heavier than the rudders on my RV-9A with a castering nosewheel. The plan was to shoot an instrument landing system (ILS) at the military airport next door, but clearance delivery told us they were landing the other direction. Hmm, OK, how about the LPV approach?