Pilot Institute

JANUARY 27, 2025

The AI is particularly effective during Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) flight, where the outside horizon may not be available. A standard rate turn is at 3 degrees per second and is the preferred rate of turn during Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) operations.

Pitot Tube 52

Pitot Tube Altimeter Instrument Flight Rules Descent 52

Pilot Institute

FEBRUARY 15, 2025

Before RNAV, pilots had to rely on radios (NAVAIDs) and antennas on the ground such as VORs (Very High-Frequency Omnidirectional Range) and NDBs (Non-Directional Beacons). But these systems had some problems, like not being able to work over water, or if there was something in the way of the transmitter and the aircrafts receiver.

Approach 52

Approach Pilot Descent Airplanes 52

Pilot Institute

DECEMBER 19, 2024

While WAAS-enabled equipment has a built-in integrity monitoring system that eliminates the need for RAIM, you may still require RAIM functionality for non-WAAS operations or as a redundancy check in areas where WAAS coverage is unavailable. During IFR (Instrument Flight Rules) flights.

Approach 52

Approach Instrument Landing System Instrument Flight Rules Pilot 52