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True course and groundspeed. Groundspeed and true heading. Low-level turbulence can occur and icing can become hazardous in which type of fog? Moderate or severe turbulence. True heading and airspeed. position of the CG. speed of the airplane. Embedded thunderstorms are those obscured by massive cloud layers.
Turbulence Air Facts Journal Space is infinite in its complexity. And tampering our mental reserves with turbulent mischief. Turbulence is unpredictable. All three axis of an aircraft are subject to the vagaries of turbulence. Similar mechanics are at play in clear air turbulence. And there in lurks the adventure.
As an example, the Garmin GTN series offers a vertical calculation (VCALC) function that includes the ability to set a desired rate of descent to calculate the appropriate point to begin your descent based on your aircrafts current groundspeed. In our example: 167kts / 2 = 83.5 Convert to mileage from destination if desired: To convert 13.2
Often, turbulence is the harbinger of mountain waves, not the ideal ceiling—and visibility unlimited—day. We experienced moderate turbulence even at our gate. If the velocity of water increases over the rock, so does the turbulence. The stationary trait of a mountain wave may produce more turbulence flying downwind than upwind.
Subjective factors such as terrain, turbulence, and gust direction are as important as the numbers. Those little hills made for fiendish turbulence down low. It was fun doing over 200 knots groundspeed over Rawlings until I realized a solid wall of thunderstorms had formed between me and home, and there were 35 knot winds below.
Along with several other forecasts not shown here, this made me believe that a route around the west side of Washington would provide the least exposure to adverse weather, especially as it relates to convective turbulence. Our groundspeed was a meager 72 knots as we descended on the glideslope. Crisis averted.
With a screaming tailwind, I was seeing a groundspeed of 185 kts at 6,500 feet. Allowing the altitude to sort itself out was the most practical approach with dealing with the wave and associated turbulence. They were looking for a fast turnaround and would eat their lunch while airborne. I was airborne in roughly one hour.
With groundspeed above 185 kts., How can you land in this turbulence? And YES, the flight home was far worse as I was flying low to keep the groundspeed in positive numbers and thinking the truck drivers were going to beat me home. and fuel consumption leaned for the thin air, nonstop would have been easy and safe.
The sky darkened and turbulence started to shake our plane. Actual groundspeed readouts at cruise showed 100-plus knots of headwind. I explained the situation to ATC, they observed the same groundspeed, and I requested divert to BFF (Scottsbluff NE), about 50 miles ahead.
At the current groundspeed, I believed it shouldn’t be of much concern unless the cell began producing lightning. I had seen these clouds associated with turbulence before, but all appeared to be calm. On the short flight to KFLO I asked my son about how much turbulence he felt during the missed approach.
A headwind lowers groundspeed , making landing easier. However, the obstacles generate mechanical turbulence, making the air less stable. Discover ways to stay proficient with regular practice. Why Crosswind Landings Aren’t Easy Ideally, pilots want the wind to hit the aircraft dead on the nose while landing. Be prepared for gusts!
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