Pilot Institute

MARCH 28, 2025

By far the strongest component of wake turbulence is the swirling air generated at the tips of the aircrafts wings. Key Takeaways Wingtip vortices, not engine exhaust, create the strongest wake turbulence. Wake turbulence can cause severe roll and structural damage to smaller aircraft. How Are Wingtip Vortices Formed?

Turbulence 97

Turbulence Lift Drag Runway 97

Pilot Institute

MARCH 29, 2024

Higher altitudes are also less prone to turbulence and have fewer birds. Turbulent air will require a larger airspeed margin. Wind gusts and turbulence can also throw you off your heading. You’ll have to accelerate to V x while staying within ground effect. Takeoffs, landings, and go-arounds are common scenarios.

Lift 52

Lift Rudder Drag Checkride 52

Air Facts

SEPTEMBER 9, 2024

An incomplete summary description of FASF is whether the airplane made it out of ground effect. That phenomenon is best named Failure to Achieve Sustained Flight (FASF). This is more theoretical than practical for visual AOA, but can affect some proposals such as a general aviation stick shaker.

General Aviation 98

General Aviation Pilot Approach Airplanes 98

Chess In the Air

JUNE 24, 2022

If we encounter the microburst a little earlier in its development, i.e. just when the air is beginning to drop past our flying altitude, we may also experience more turbulence and wind shear when entering and exiting the burst. Normally, this is more than enough time to traverse through the confined area of most microbursts.

Pilot 52

Pilot AGL Wind Shear Runway 52