Remove Final Approach Remove Instrument Landing System Remove Threshold
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VASI vs. PAPI: Understanding the Differences and Similarities

Pilot Institute

Using the VASI is crucial as it gives you safe obstruction clearance within 10 degrees of either side of the runway centerline and around four nautical miles from the runway threshold. nautical miles from the runway threshold. VASI systems also are typically cheaper to install and maintain than more advanced systems like PAPI.

Runway 98
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ILS Explained (With Examples)

Pilot Institute

Including how it became the most reliable approach for pilots in aviation history. You might have heard pilots talking about the Instrument Landing Systems (ILS). The ILS is a type of approach pilots use to land. It is a precision approach aid based on two radio beams. What is an ILS? But what is it?