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How to Read a Windsock

Pilot Institute

Standard FAA aviation windsocks are calibrated to fully extend at a wind speed of 15 knots. A windsock is an essential aviation tool that helps pilots make safe decisions. Non-Towered Airports Compared to commercial airports that have tower services, many general aviation airports are uncontrolled.

Knot 98
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The Ercoupe

Plane and Pilot

The main landing gear featured a swiveling trailing link design to allow landings in a crab, a simple version of the crosswind crab system in the mighty B-52 Stratofortress. In a crosswind, you fly an Ercoupe down the runway with whatever crab angle you need to track the centerline and let the gear figure it out upon touchdown.

Rudder 105
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Cessna Skyhawk C172: Features, Performance, and Flight Experience

Airspeed Junkie

Another interesting model is the 172RG Cutlass RG, which features retractable landing gear and a more powerful Lycoming O-360-F1A6 engine, offering a cruise speed of 140 knots. However, the General Aviation Revitalization Act of 1994 paved the way for its return, and production resumed in 1996.

Knot 98
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Bellanca Aries T-250

Plane and Pilot

About this time, the Bellanca Aircraft Company of Alexandria, Minnesota, was in the throes of financial distress, an unfortunately common occurrence for legacy general aviation companies of the period. Initial climb rate is around 1,200 feet per minute, and cruise speed is in the 170 knot range.

Tail 98
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Getting Back in the Air

Plane and Pilot

This 172 had a flap extension speed of 85 knots, and my old Cessna 172’s limit was 100 mph, or 87 knots. There was a nice crosswind, and I demonstrated landing on a concrete expansion joint, offset from the runway centerline. The newer 172 (46 years old) did and had a 3-G limit with flaps extended.

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How to Land an Airplane

Pilot Institute

If there is a crosswind at the airport, you should mention this in your brief. Discuss your nominated crosswind technique. Explain what aircraft input you will require to land the aircraft in the crosswind. For example, the crosswind is from left to right. Take your ground speed in knots and divide it by two.

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What is the Angle of Attack?

Pilot Institute

Proper angle of attack management also maintains safety during slow flight, crosswind landings, and when encountering wake turbulence. Lets say your stall speed was 60 knots. 60 X 1.4 = a new stall speed of 84 knots! For many general aviation aircraft, the critical AOA is in the range of 15-18 degrees.

Lift 52