Clearance NDB VOR 
Air Facts
OCTOBER 30, 2024
After startup, I’d record a VOR check in the aircraft log while waiting for our clearance. We flew the usual approaches: VOR, ILS, and the now extinct NDB. We rounded up the usual suspects: VOR, NDB, ILS, partial panel, and unusual attitudes. My NDB approach was flawless. There were no surprises.
Pilot Institute
FEBRUARY 22, 2025
Flying at MSA guarantees at least 1,000 feet of obstacle clearance. Non-precision approaches (such as a localizer, VOR, LNAV, or NDB) use a Maltese cross for the FAF. MSAs are used in emergencies. If you lose your bearings and are struggling to find the airport, you dont want to hit something accidentally.
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