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Wingtip Vortices and Wake Turbulence

Pilot Institute

Vortex size is also affected by proximity to the ground. If youre flying low enough to be in ground effect, the vortex isnt able to fully develop. This phenomenon is called Ground Effect. Note that the ground effect doesnt eliminate the vortex entirely.

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Jeju Air flight 2216

Fear of Landing

There were 175 passengers, four cabin crew and two flight crew on board. The collision killed all 175 passengers and four of the six crew members. The only survivors were the two cabin crew seated in the aft jump seats. On approach, the captain made a mayday alert, declaring bird strike, bird strike.

Thrust 59