Pilot Institute

FEBRUARY 15, 2025

Before RNAV, pilots had to rely on radios (NAVAIDs) and antennas on the ground such as VORs (Very High-Frequency Omnidirectional Range) and NDBs (Non-Directional Beacons). Lateral guidance tells you to go left or right to align yourself with the runway. If you dont see the runway before reaching MOLRE, you have to go missed.

Approach 52

Approach Pilot Descent Airplanes 52

Pilot Institute

DECEMBER 12, 2024

Pilots use special paths called IFR approaches to help them line up with the runway. Minimums are the lowest height you can go without seeing the runway. Both MDA and DA are measured from sea level, just like the altimeter in the airplane. This is like DA but measured from the runway’s height above sea level.

Altimeter 52

Altimeter Descent Approach Runway 52

Flying Magazine

MAY 13, 2024

So, for example, if you are asked to provide a scenario when V X is appropriate, be able to answer the when and the why, such as “short field takeoff technique is appropriate when there is an obstacle off the departure end of the runway.” Application, correlation, and understanding are critical when it comes to aircraft systems.

Pilot 116

Pilot Knot Annual Inspection VOR 116

Pilot Institute

MARCH 13, 2025

You can use the CDI with navigation aids like VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) or GPS. We wont explain technical details, so you may not understand the example if you havent used a VOR. Imagine were flying an HSI-equipped airplane away from VOR. Q: What is the difference between a VOR and a HSI? What would you say to them?

VOR 52

VOR Cockpit Altimeter Weather 52

Pilot Institute

DECEMBER 12, 2024

For example: Pilot: Seattle Approach, Cessna November Four Five One Romeo, Two Zero miles west of Seattle VOR, at 8,000, with Sierra, to land. The departure runway and the departure procedure. For example, ATC: Fly runway heading until two miles from Kennedy VOR, then turn right, heading one zero zero. Altimeter 30.02

Approach 52

Approach Clearance Pilot Air Traffic Control 52

Pilot Institute

MAY 1, 2024

The heading contains the city, state, airport, runway, and approach name. Are there runway closures? ATIS broadcasts usually include active runways, available approaches, important NOTAMs, and the weather. 1) Declare the Approach Start by identifying the name of the airport, the arrival runway, and the approach name.

Approach 52

Approach NOTAMs Runway Weather 52

Pilot Institute

APRIL 24, 2024

Airports such as ATL and JFK have multiple runways and cover around 5,000 acres of land. If flying under IFR, you’ll need a VOR or TACAN receiver, or an RNAV system (GPS). You don’t want an incorrect altimeter setting to cause an airspace incursion. Class B airports are not only busy, they’re usually big as well.

Clearance 52

Clearance Ceiling Airspace Classes Transponder 52