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Chart Wise: Spirit of St. Louis ILS 26L

Flying Magazine

You could also identify this using the R-194 radial crossing from the STL VOR, using an ADF tuned to the NDB station of 227 if you still have one that works, or you can use your audio panel to identify passage of the outer marker beacon. That requires four different frequencies.

VOR 59
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How to Read an IFR Approach Chart

Pilot Institute

Non-precision approaches (such as a localizer, VOR, LNAV, or NDB) use a Maltese cross for the FAF. Precision approaches (such as ILS) use a jagged arrow to mark the FAF. This is the point where you should intercept the ILS glideslope. At this point you should start descending to the Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA).

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Azerbaijan Airlines flight 8243: Shot Down Over Grozny

Fear of Landing

The flight crew requested an NDB approach to Grozny and were cleared for approach to runway 26. Flight 8243 : Left 360, my airplane is losing control. This strongly indicated GPS jamming, a tactic frequently used by Russian forces to counter Ukrainian drone operations despite being prohibited under international regulations.

Weather 103