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The physics of mobility: an interesting comparison of road, rail, and air travel

Aerotime

Energy is always required for acceleration, to overcome air drag, as well as rolling and friction resistance of wheels on road and rail, and for “lifting work”, i.e., working against gravity. It must be noted that energy to overcome air drag is only required when the movement takes place in an atmospheric environment.

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What Is the Average Flying Altitude of a Commercial Plane?

Pilot's Life Blog

However, flying a small plane often means operating at much lower altitudes, usually between 5,000 and 10,000 feet, depending on weather conditions, terrain, and air traffic. Flying a small plane at lower altitudes allows pilots to navigate visually and avoid the complexities of high-altitude air traffic control.